{"id":1628,"date":"2023-10-17T14:44:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-17T14:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/?p=1628"},"modified":"2024-02-13T14:37:11","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T14:37:11","slug":"artificial-intelligence-and-information-literacy-hazards-and-opportunities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/artificial-intelligence-and-information-literacy-hazards-and-opportunities\/","title":{"rendered":"Intelligence artificielle et ma\u00eetrise de l'information : risques et opportunit\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ChatGPT et d'autres logiciels et outils d'intelligence artificielle (IA) sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 en train de changer le monde. ChatGPT peut r\u00e9ussir un examen de MBA d'une institution de l'Ivy League (Terwiesch, 2023). Il peut \u00e9galement cr\u00e9er de la d\u00e9sinformation sur des sujets tels que \"les vaccins, le COVID-19, l'insurrection du 6 janvier 2021 au Capitole des \u00c9tats-Unis, l'immigration et le traitement par la Chine de sa minorit\u00e9 ou\u00efghoure\" (Associated Press, 2023). Les IA actuelles ont la capacit\u00e9 de fournir des informations apparemment valables mais qui sont en fait sans rapport avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prenons l'exemple d'un acteur \u00e9tatique qui utilise un mod\u00e8le de propagande tirant parti du fait que \"la surcharge d'informations incite les gens \u00e0 prendre des raccourcis\" pour d\u00e9cider de la fiabilit\u00e9 des informations (Rand, 2016). Les nouveaux syst\u00e8mes d'IA peuvent, \u00e0 moindre co\u00fbt et plus facilement que jamais, cr\u00e9er des informations plausibles, mais en fin de compte fausses, sur les choix en mati\u00e8re de soins de sant\u00e9 ou sur un candidat politique. Il n'est pas difficile d'imaginer un d\u00e9luge de fausses informations ou de d\u00e9sinformations qui rendrait extr\u00eamement difficile, long et co\u00fbteux le tri entre ce qui est vrai, ce qui l'est \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s et ce qui est manifestement faux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les th\u00e9oriciens et les praticiens de la ma\u00eetrise de l'information sont particuli\u00e8rement bien plac\u00e9s pour mener et faciliter des discussions importantes sur ces sujets, car ils ont des implications r\u00e9elles pour les soins de sant\u00e9, l'\u00e9ducation et la d\u00e9mocratie. Pourtant, la th\u00e9orie, les pratiques et les recherches actuelles en mati\u00e8re de ma\u00eetrise de l'information ne permettent pas de relever les d\u00e9fis pos\u00e9s par les nouveaux d\u00e9veloppements de l'IA. En cons\u00e9quence, ce document conceptuel identifiera trois domaines sp\u00e9cifiques dans lesquels les professionnels de l'IL peuvent consacrer du temps et des ressources pour r\u00e9soudre certains de ces probl\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tout d'abord, nous pouvons plaider en faveur de nouveaux types de syst\u00e8mes d'IA con\u00e7us avec des limites et des param\u00e8tres sp\u00e9cifiques. De m\u00eame, nous pouvons faire avancer la recherche sur l'IA explicable (XAI) qui vise \u00e0 aider les utilisateurs \u00e0 \"comprendre, faire confiance et g\u00e9rer\" les applications d'IA (Gunning et al., 2019). Deuxi\u00e8mement, nous devons reconsid\u00e9rer l'enseignement de la VA et de l'enseignement sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la nouvelle capacit\u00e9 des \u00e9tudiants \u00e0 cr\u00e9er facilement des textes g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par l'IA. L'adoption intentionnelle de certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments des outils d'IA pourrait conduire \u00e0 une innovation p\u00e9dagogique d\u00e9bouchant sur de nouvelles fa\u00e7ons d'enseigner et d'apprendre, y compris de nouvelles strat\u00e9gies pour passer au crible une \u00e9norme quantit\u00e9 de contenu g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par l'IA et dont la v\u00e9racit\u00e9 est inconnue. Enfin, les professionnels de l'information ont la possibilit\u00e9 d'affiner ou d'\u00e9laborer une th\u00e9orie de l'IL susceptible de fournir une r\u00e9flexion et une justification holistiques et strat\u00e9giques sur la mani\u00e8re dont les \u00e9ducateurs, les d\u00e9cideurs et le grand public devraient traiter et aborder les syst\u00e8mes d'IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'avenir de l'IA est incertain. Ce qui est clair, c'est que si nous ne r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissons pas intentionnellement \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont nous concevons et utilisons ces syst\u00e8mes, nous nous exposons \u00e0 des cons\u00e9quences graves, et probablement d\u00e9l\u00e9t\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Terwiesch, C. (2023). Would chat GPT get a Wharton MBA? A prediction based on its performance in the operations management course. Mack Institute for Innovation Management at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved February 1, 2023 from https:\/\/mackinstitute.wharton.upenn.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Christian-Terwiesch-Chat-GTP-1.24.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Associated Press. (2023). Learning to lie: AI tools adept at creating disinformation. Retrieved February 1, 2023 from https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/us\/articles\/2023-01-24\/learning-to-lie-ai-tools-adept-at-creating-disinformation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paul, C., &amp; Matthews, M. (2016). The Russian \u201cFirehose of Falsehood\u201d propaganda model: Why it might work and options to counter it. RAND Corporation. Retrieved February 1, 2023 from https:\/\/www.rand.org\/content\/dam\/rand\/pubs\/perspectives\/PE100\/PE198\/RAND_PE198.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gunning, D., Stefik, M., Choi, J., Miller, T., Stumpf, S., &amp; Yang, G.-Z. (2019). XAI\u2014Explainable artificial intelligence. Science Robotics, 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.aay7120<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Michael Ryne Flierl<\/strong><br><em>Universit\u00e9 de l'\u00c9tat de l'Ohio, Columbus, \u00c9tats-Unis<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence (AI) software and tools are already changing the world. ChatGPT can pass an MBA exam from an Ivy League Institution (Terwiesch, 2023). It can also create disinformation on topics like \u201cvaccines, COVID-19, the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection at the U.S. Capitol, immigration and China\u2019s treatment of its Uyghur minority\u201d (Associated [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[54,53],"class_list":["post-1628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecil-2023","tag-ecil2023","tag-european-conference-on-information-literacy"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"InLitAs","author_link":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence (AI) software and tools are already changing the world. ChatGPT can pass an MBA exam from an Ivy League Institution (Terwiesch, 2023). It can also create disinformation on topics like \u201cvaccines, COVID-19, the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection at the U.S. Capitol, immigration and China\u2019s treatment of its Uyghur minority\u201d (Associated\u2026","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1628"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1629,"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1628\/revisions\/1629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inlitas.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}